China's indigenous chip push is concentrated in three coastal clusters plus two inland memory capitals. Beijing (Yizhuang) is the state-backed equipment and mature-logic hub — NAURA, SMIC Beijing, YDME/Beidian Integration, Gopptix, financed by E-Town Capital and BEHC. Shanghai (Zhangjiang) runs the whole stack in one district — SMIC and Hua Hong beside AMEC, ACM, and Kingsemi, an AI-designer boom (Moore Threads, MetaX, Biren, Enflame), SiCarrier's lithography arm, and Huawei's Qingpu R&D city on the western fringe. The Shenzhen–Dongguan corridor is the sanctions-shaped Huawei network — legally unrelated, municipally owned fabs (PXW, PST, SwaySure) plus SiCarrier's tools, ringed by the Guangming and Songshan Lake science cities. Inland, Wuhan (YMTC, NAND) and Hefei (CXMT, DRAM) are the two state-built memory bases, while northeastern Shenyang supplies the tools others can't — Piotech's deposition systems and Kingsemi's coater/developer tracks.
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